Declaration of 1 November 1954

The Declaration of 1 November 1954^[a] is the first independentist appeal addressed by the National Liberation Front (FLN) to the Algerian people, marking the start of the Algerian Revolution and the armed action of the National Liberation Army (ALN).^[1][2]

Historical context

When the Movement for the Triumph of Democratic Liberties (MTLD) organized its congress in April 1953, the independence option was decided, but the date for the hasty announcement of the insurrection had not yet been set.^[3][4][5]

Writing

It was journalist Mohamed Aïchaoui who was entrusted with the task of writing the revolutionary declaration under the supervision of the two leaders Mohamed Boudiaf and Mourad Didouche of the Group of Six.^[6][7]

Impression

The leaflets for this proclamation were drawn in the house of activist Ali Zamoum located in the village of Ighil Imoula in Great Kabylia.^[8][9]

Distribution

These sheets were then put in briefcases and suitcases to be sent to their destinations in Algeria and abroad.^[10][11]

Presentation and analysis

This declaration aimed at Algerian national independence by:^[12][13]

1. The restoration of the sovereign, democratic and social Algerian state within the framework of Islamic principles.^[14][15]
2. Respect for all fundamental freedoms without distinction of race or religion.^[16][17]

Indoor goals

1. Political cleansing by putting the National Revolutionary Movement back on its true path and thereby annihilating all the vestiges of corruption and reformism, the cause of Algeria's current regression.^[18][19]
2. Gathering and organization of all the healthy energies of the Algerian people for the liquidation of the colonial system.^[20][21]

External objectives

1. Internationalization of the Algerian problem.^[22][23]
2. Achievement of North African unity in its natural Arab-Islamic framework.^[24][25]
3. Within the framework of the Charter of the United Nations, affirmation of Algerian sympathy towards all nations which would support the liberating action.^[26][27]

Means of struggle

In accordance with revolutionary principles and taking into account internal and external situations, the continuation of the struggle by all means until the goal of independence is achieved.^[28]

To achieve these objectives, the National Liberation Front will have two essential tasks to carry out simultaneously: internal action, both politically and in terms of its action, and external action in order to deal with the Algerian cause which will be a reality for the whole world with the support of all natural allies of Algerians.^[29]

This is an overwhelming task which requires the mobilization of all national energies and resources. It is true, the struggle will be long but the outcome is certain.^[30]

See also

• Algerian War
• National Liberation Front
• National Liberation Army
• Mohamed Aïchaoui
• Mohamed Boudiaf
• Mourad Didouche
• Rabah Bitat
• Abane Ramdane

Notes

References

Further reading

• Horne, Alistair. (1977). A Savage War of Peace: Algeria, 1954-1962. Viking Press.
• McDougall, James. (2017). A History of Algeria. Cambridge University Press.
• McDougall, James. (2006). History and the culture of nationalism in Algeria. Cambridge University Press.

External links

• 1- Proclamation of 1 November 1954 on YouTube
• 2- Proclamation of 1 November 1954 on YouTube
• 3- Ighil Imoula: Place of printing of the proclamation of 1 November 1954 on YouTube
• 4- Mohamed Aïchaoui wrote the proclamation 1 November 1954 on the digging machine on YouTube

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Algerian War (1954–1962)

Background

Settler colonialism	French conquest of Algeria Invasion of Algiers Atrocities Mokrani Revolt Deportations French Algeria Algerian popular resistance Algerian nationalism Attempted reforms 1920 petition Jonnart Law 1943 manifesto Divide and rule policies Crémieux Decree Kabyle myth French Union Indigénat Legal status [fr] Pied noir Sétif and Guelma massacre
Other factors	Cold War Decolonisation of Africa Brazzaville Conference (1944) First Indochina War (1946–54) Malagasy Uprising (1947–49) Massacre of 14 July 1953 in Paris

War

Chronology [fr] of key events	Declaration of 1 November 1954 Toussaint Rouge Battle of Philippeville Soummam conference Battle of Algiers Hijacking of the FLN plane Operation Corsica Week of barricades [fr] Algiers putsch
War crimes / human rights violations	Torture Killing of Saadia Mebarek Charonne subway massacre Paris massacre
Reactions	Communauté française Constantine Plan FLN football team Manifesto of the 121 Proposed partition of Algeria [fr]

End of the war

• 1961 French referendum on Algerian self-determination
• Évian Accords
  • referendum
• Algerian independence

Legacy and
aftermath

• May 1958 crisis
  • French Fifth Republic
• Year of Africa
• Aftermath in Algeria
  • 1962 Algerian crisis
• Effects in Algerian politics
• Films

Monuments and commemorations	1 November 1954 Stadiums Algiers Batna El Oued Tizi Ouzou Martyrs' Memorial Memorial to the Liberation of Algeria

Groups

Pro-independence	National Liberation Front National Liberation Army Algerian National Movement Algerian Communist Party Oujda Group
Anti-independence	France French Armed Forces Commandos de Chasse La Main Rouge Front Algérie Française Organisation armée secrète
Other groups	Defectors from the French army to the ALN Harkis Women

Category / Commons