List of banking crises
This is a list of banking crises. A banking crisis is a financial crisis that affects banking activity. Banking crises include bank runs, which affect single banks; banking panics, which affect many banks; and systemic banking crises, in which a country experiences many defaults and financial institutions and corporations face great difficulties repaying contracts.[1] A banking crisis is marked by bank runs that lead to the demise of financial institutions, or by the demise of a financial institution that starts a string of similar demises.[2]
Bank runs
A bank run occurs when many bank customers withdraw their deposits because they believe the bank might fail. There have been many runs on individual banks throughout history; for example, some of the 2008–2009 bank failures in the United States were associated with bank runs.
Banking panics and systemic banking crises
18th century
- Crisis of 1763, started in Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky and Leendert Pieter de Neufville's bank, spread to Germany and Scandinavia
- British credit crisis of 1772-1773 in London and Amsterdam, begun by the collapse of the bankers Neal, James, Fordyce and Down.
- Panic of 1792, New York
- Panic of 1796–1797, Britain and United States
19th century
- Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust economic cycle
- Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England
- Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression
- Panic of 1847, United Kingdom
- Panic of 1857, a U.S. recession with bank failures
- Panic of 1866, Europe
- Panic of 1873, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 4-year depression
- Panic of 1884, United States and Europe
- Panic of 1890, mainly affecting the United Kingdom and Argentina
- Panic of 1893, a U.S. recession with bank failures
- Australian banking crisis of 1893
- Panic of 1896, acute U.S. recession
20th century
- Panic of 1901, a U.S. economic recession that started a fight for financial control of the Northern Pacific Railway
- Panic of 1907, a U.S. economic recession with bank failures
- Shōwa Financial Crisis, a 1927 Japanese financial panic that resulted in mass bank failures across the Empire of Japan.
- Great Depression, the worst systemic banking crisis of the 20th century
- Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975 in the UK
- Japanese asset price bubble (1986–2003)
- Savings and loan crisis of the 1980s and 1990s in the U.S.
- 1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
- Finnish banking crisis of 1990s
- Sweden financial crisis 1990–1994
- Rhode Island banking crisis
- Peruvian banking crisis of 1992
- Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
- 1997 Asian financial crisis
- 1998 collapse of Long-Term Capital Management
- 1998 Russian financial crisis
- 1998–2002 Argentine great depression
- 1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
21st century
- Subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. starting in 2007
- 2008 United Kingdom bank rescue package
- 2009 United Kingdom bank rescue package
- 2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
- 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
- Great Recession in Russia
- 2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
- 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
- Post-2008 Irish banking crisis
See also
References
Reinhart, Carmen M.; Rogoff, Kenneth S. (2009). This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6.
Taylor, Alan M. The great leveraging. NBER 18290
Notes
- ^ Laeven L, Valencia F (2008). "Systemic banking crises: a new database" (PDF). IMF WP/08/224. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 2008-09-29.
- ^ Reinhart C, Rogoff K (2009). "Varieties of crises and their dates" (PDF). This Time is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton University Press. pp. 3–20. ISBN 978-0-691-14216-6. Retrieved 2009-11-28.
- v
- t
- e
- Crisis of the Third Century (235–284 CE)
(1000–1760)
- Great Bullion Famine (c. 1400–c. 1500)
- The Great Debasement (1544–1551)
- Dutch Republic stock market crashes (c. 1600–1760)
- Kipper und Wipper (1621–1623)
- Tulip mania crash (1637)
- South Sea bubble crash (1720)
- Mississippi bubble crash (1720)
(1760–1840)
- Amsterdam banking crisis of 1763
- Bengal bubble crash (1769–1784)
- British credit crisis of 1772–1773
- Dutch Republic financial collapse (c. 1780–1795)
- Copper Panic of 1789
- Panic of 1792
- Panic of 1796–1797
- Danish state bankruptcy of 1813
- Post-Napoleonic Irish grain price and land use shocks (1815–1816)
- Panic of 1819
- Panic of 1825
- Panic of 1837
- European potato failure (1845–1856)
- Great Irish Famine
- Highland Potato Famine
- Panic of 1847
- Panic of 1857
- Panic of 1866
- Black Friday (1869)
(1870–1914)
- Panic of 1873
- Paris Bourse crash of 1882
- Panic of 1884
- Arendal crash (1886)
- Baring crisis (1890)
- Encilhamento (1890–1893)
- Panic of 1893
- Australian banking crisis of 1893
- Black Monday (1894)
- Panic of 1896
- Panic of 1901
- Panic of 1907
- Shanghai rubber stock market crisis (1910)
- Panic of 1910–1911
- Financial crisis of 1914
(1918–1939)
- Early Soviet hyperinflation (1917–1924)
- Weimar Republic hyperinflation (1921–1923)
- Shōwa financial crisis (1927)
- Wall Street Crash of 1929
- Panic of 1930
(1945–1973)
- Kennedy Slide of 1962
- 1963–1965 Indonesian hyperinflation
(1973–1982)
- 1970s energy crisis (1973–1980)
- 1973 oil crisis
- 1973–1974 stock market crash
- Secondary banking crisis of 1973–1975
- Steel crisis (1973–1982)
- Latin American debt crisis (1975–1982)
- 1976 British currency crisis
- 1979 oil crisis
- Brazilian hyperinflation (1980–1982)
Great Regression
(1982–2007)
- Brazilian hyperinflation (1982–1994)
- Souk Al-Manakh stock market crash (1982)
- Chilean crisis of 1982
- 1983 Israel bank stock crisis
- Black Saturday (1983)
- Savings and loan crisis (1986–1995)
- Black Monday (1987)
- 1988–1992 Norwegian banking crisis
- Japanese asset price bubble crash (1990–1992)
- Rhode Island banking crisis (1990–1992)
- 1991 Indian economic crisis
- 1990s Swedish financial crisis
- 1990s Finnish banking crisis
- 1990s Armenian energy crisis
- Cuban Special Period (1991–2000)
- Black Wednesday (1992 Sterling crisis)
- Yugoslav hyperinflation (1992–1994)
- 1994 bond market crisis
- Venezuelan banking crisis of 1994
- Mexican peso crisis (1994–1996)
- 1997 Asian financial crisis
- October 1997 mini-crash
- 1998 Russian financial crisis
- 1998–1999 Ecuador economic crisis
- 1998–2002 Argentine great depression
- Samba effect (1999)
- Dot-com bubble crash (2000–2004)
- 9/11 stock market crash (2001)
- 2001 Turkish economic crisis
- South American economic crisis of 2002
- Stock market downturn of 2002
- 2002 Uruguay banking crisis
- 2003 Myanmar banking crisis
- 2000s energy crisis (2003–2008)
- 2004 Argentine energy crisis
- 2007 Chinese stock bubble crash
- Zimbabwean hyperinflation (2007–present)
(2007–2009)
- 2007–2008 financial crisis
- September 2008
- October 2008
- November 2008
- December 2008
- 2009
- Subprime mortgage crisis
- 2000s U.S. housing market correction
- U.S. bear market of 2007–2009
- 2008 Latvian financial crisis
- 2008–2009 Belgian financial crisis
- 2008–2009 Russian financial crisis
- 2008–2009 Ukrainian financial crisis
- 2008–2011 Icelandic financial crisis
- 2008–2011 Irish banking crisis
- 2008–2014 Spanish financial crisis
- Blue Monday Crash 2009
- European debt crisis
- Greek government-debt crisis
(2009–present)
- 2009 Dubai debt standstill
- Venezuelan banking crisis of 2009–2010
- 2010–2014 Portuguese financial crisis
- Energy crisis in Venezuela (2010–present)
- Syrian economic crisis (2011–present)
- August 2011 stock markets fall
- 2011 Bangladesh share market scam
- 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
- 2013 Chinese banking liquidity crisis
- Venezuela economic crisis (2013–present)
- 2014–2016 Brazilian economic crisis
- Puerto Rican government-debt crisis (2014–2022)
- Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)
- 2015 Nepal blockade
- 2015–2016 Chinese stock market turbulence
- 2015–2016 stock market selloff
- Brexit stock market crash (2016)
- Venezuelan hyperinflation (2016–2022)
- 2017 Sri Lankan fuel crisis
- Ghana banking crisis (2017–2018)
- Turkish economic crisis (2018–present)
- Lebanese liquidity crisis (2019–present)
- Sri Lankan economic crisis (2019–present)
- COVID-19 pandemic
- Chinese property sector crisis (2020–present)
- 2021–2023 inflation
- 2022 Russian financial crisis
- 2022 stock market decline
- 2023 United States banking crisis
- List of banking crises
- List of economic crises
- List of sovereign debt crises
- List of stock market crashes and bear markets