Staphylococcus aureus beta toxin
Toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus beta toxin is a toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus.[1] It is a form of sphingomyelinase[2] called sphingomyelinase C. This enzyme is toxic to a variety of cells, including erythrocytes, fibroblasts, leukocytes, and macrophages. Susceptible cells are subject to lysis of exposed sphingomyelin on their membrane surfaces.[3]
The beta toxin exhibits maximum activity at 10 °C, at 37 °C (normal body temperature) seems to be inactive.[citation needed]
References
- ^ Cifrian E, Guidry AJ, Bramley AJ, Norcross NL, Bastida-Corcuera FD, Marquardt WW (February 1996). "Effect of staphylococcal beta toxin on the cytotoxicity, proliferation and adherence of Staphylococcus aureus to bovine mammary epithelial cells". Veterinary Microbiology. 48 (3–4): 187–98. doi:10.1016/0378-1135(95)00159-X. PMID 9054116.
- ^ Gaskin DK, Bohach GA, Schlievert PM, Hovde CJ (February 1997). "Purification of Staphylococcus aureus beta-toxin: comparison of three isoelectric focusing methods". Protein Expression and Purification. 9 (1): 76–82. doi:10.1006/prep.1996.0664. PMID 9116505.
- ^ Patrick R. Murray; Ken S. Rosenthal; Michael A. Pfaller (2009) [1990]. Medical Microbiology (6th ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. p. 213. ISBN 978-0-323-05470-6.
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- Toxins
- cardiotoxin
- cytotoxin
- enterotoxin
- hemotoxin
- hepatotoxin
- neurotoxin
- phototoxin
toxins
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Virulence factor |
- Aflatoxin
- Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin)
- beta-Nitropropionic acid
- Citrinin
- Cytochalasin
- Ergotamine
- Fumonisin (Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2, Fumonisin B3, Fumonisin B4)
- Gliotoxin
- Ibotenic acid
- Lolitrem B
- Muscimol
- Orellanine
- Ochratoxin
- Patulin
- Phalloidin
- Sterigmatocystin
- Trichothecene
- Vomitoxin
- Zeranol
- Zearalenone
- Amygdalin
- Anisatin
- Antiarin
- Brucine
- Chaconine
- Cicutoxin
- Coniine
- Daphnin
- Delphinine
- Divicine
- Djenkolic acid
- Falcarinol
- Gossypol
- Helenalin
- Ledol
- Linamarin
- Lotaustralin
- Mimosine
- Oenanthotoxin
- Oleandrin
- Persin
- Protoanemonin
- Pseudaconitine
- Retronecine
- Resiniferatoxin
- Scopolamine
- Solamargine
- Solanidine
- Solanine
- Solasodamine
- Solasodine
- Solasonine
- Solauricidine
- Solauricine
- Strychnine
- Swainsonine
- Tagetitoxin
- Tinyatoxin
- Tomatine
- Toxalbumin
- Tutin
toxins
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Reptile/ Snake venom: |
- note: some toxins are produced by lower species and pass through intermediate species
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